Integrand size = 16, antiderivative size = 69 \[ \int \frac {1}{a x+b x^3+c x^5} \, dx=\frac {b \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{2 a \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\frac {\log (x)}{a}-\frac {\log \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}{4 a} \]
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Time = 0.05 (sec) , antiderivative size = 69, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.500, Rules used = {1608, 1128, 719, 29, 648, 632, 212, 642} \[ \int \frac {1}{a x+b x^3+c x^5} \, dx=\frac {b \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{2 a \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\frac {\log \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}{4 a}+\frac {\log (x)}{a} \]
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Rule 29
Rule 212
Rule 632
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rule 719
Rule 1128
Rule 1608
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \int \frac {1}{x \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )} \, dx \\ & = \frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x \left (a+b x+c x^2\right )} \, dx,x,x^2\right ) \\ & = \frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{2 a}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-b-c x}{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{2 a} \\ & = \frac {\log (x)}{a}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {b+2 c x}{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{4 a}-\frac {b \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{4 a} \\ & = \frac {\log (x)}{a}-\frac {\log \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}{4 a}+\frac {b \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{b^2-4 a c-x^2} \, dx,x,b+2 c x^2\right )}{2 a} \\ & = \frac {b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{2 a \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\frac {\log (x)}{a}-\frac {\log \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}{4 a} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.05 (sec) , antiderivative size = 113, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.64 \[ \int \frac {1}{a x+b x^3+c x^5} \, dx=\frac {4 \sqrt {b^2-4 a c} \log (x)-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) \log \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2\right )+\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) \log \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2\right )}{4 a \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \]
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Time = 0.06 (sec) , antiderivative size = 65, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.94
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\ln \left (x \right )}{a}-\frac {\frac {\ln \left (c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a \right )}{2}+\frac {b \arctan \left (\frac {2 c \,x^{2}+b}{\sqrt {4 a c -b^{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {4 a c -b^{2}}}}{2 a}\) | \(65\) |
risch | \(\frac {\ln \left (x \right )}{a}+\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\left (4 c \,a^{2}-b^{2} a \right ) \textit {\_Z}^{2}+\left (4 a c -b^{2}\right ) \textit {\_Z} +c \right )}{\sum }\textit {\_R} \ln \left (\left (\left (10 a c -3 b^{2}\right ) \textit {\_R} +5 c \right ) x^{2}-a b \textit {\_R} +2 b \right )\right )}{2}\) | \(77\) |
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Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 223, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.23 \[ \int \frac {1}{a x+b x^3+c x^5} \, dx=\left [\frac {\sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} b \log \left (\frac {2 \, c^{2} x^{4} + 2 \, b c x^{2} + b^{2} - 2 \, a c + {\left (2 \, c x^{2} + b\right )} \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c}}{c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a}\right ) - {\left (b^{2} - 4 \, a c\right )} \log \left (c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a\right ) + 4 \, {\left (b^{2} - 4 \, a c\right )} \log \left (x\right )}{4 \, {\left (a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c\right )}}, \frac {2 \, \sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c} b \arctan \left (-\frac {{\left (2 \, c x^{2} + b\right )} \sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c}}{b^{2} - 4 \, a c}\right ) - {\left (b^{2} - 4 \, a c\right )} \log \left (c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a\right ) + 4 \, {\left (b^{2} - 4 \, a c\right )} \log \left (x\right )}{4 \, {\left (a b^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c\right )}}\right ] \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 253 vs. \(2 (60) = 120\).
Time = 8.64 (sec) , antiderivative size = 253, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.67 \[ \int \frac {1}{a x+b x^3+c x^5} \, dx=\left (- \frac {b \sqrt {- 4 a c + b^{2}}}{4 a \left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )} - \frac {1}{4 a}\right ) \log {\left (x^{2} + \frac {- 8 a^{2} c \left (- \frac {b \sqrt {- 4 a c + b^{2}}}{4 a \left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )} - \frac {1}{4 a}\right ) + 2 a b^{2} \left (- \frac {b \sqrt {- 4 a c + b^{2}}}{4 a \left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )} - \frac {1}{4 a}\right ) - 2 a c + b^{2}}{b c} \right )} + \left (\frac {b \sqrt {- 4 a c + b^{2}}}{4 a \left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )} - \frac {1}{4 a}\right ) \log {\left (x^{2} + \frac {- 8 a^{2} c \left (\frac {b \sqrt {- 4 a c + b^{2}}}{4 a \left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )} - \frac {1}{4 a}\right ) + 2 a b^{2} \left (\frac {b \sqrt {- 4 a c + b^{2}}}{4 a \left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )} - \frac {1}{4 a}\right ) - 2 a c + b^{2}}{b c} \right )} + \frac {\log {\left (x \right )}}{a} \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{a x+b x^3+c x^5} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{c x^{5} + b x^{3} + a x} \,d x } \]
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Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 68, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.99 \[ \int \frac {1}{a x+b x^3+c x^5} \, dx=-\frac {b \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, c x^{2} + b}{\sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c}}\right )}{2 \, \sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c} a} - \frac {\log \left (c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a\right )}{4 \, a} + \frac {\log \left (x^{2}\right )}{2 \, a} \]
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Time = 9.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 1014, normalized size of antiderivative = 14.70 \[ \int \frac {1}{a x+b x^3+c x^5} \, dx=\frac {\ln \left (x\right )}{a}+\frac {\ln \left (c\,x^4+b\,x^2+a\right )\,\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )}{2\,\left (4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c\right )}+\frac {b\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {16\,a^3\,x^2\,\left (\frac {\left (3\,b^3-8\,a\,b\,c\right )\,\left (\frac {{\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )}^2\,\left (10\,b\,c^3-\frac {\left (12\,b^3\,c^2-40\,a\,b\,c^3\right )\,\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )}{2\,\left (4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c\right )}\right )}{4\,{\left (4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c\right )}^2}-\frac {b^2\,\left (10\,b\,c^3-\frac {\left (12\,b^3\,c^2-40\,a\,b\,c^3\right )\,\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )}{2\,\left (4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c\right )}\right )}{16\,a^2\,\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}+\frac {b^2\,\left (12\,b^3\,c^2-40\,a\,b\,c^3\right )\,\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )}{16\,a^2\,\left (4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c\right )\,\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}\right )}{8\,a^3\,c^2\,\left (25\,a\,c-6\,b^2\right )}-\frac {\left (10\,a^2\,c^2-14\,a\,b^2\,c+3\,b^4\right )\,\left (\frac {b^3\,\left (12\,b^3\,c^2-40\,a\,b\,c^3\right )}{64\,a^3\,{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^{3/2}}-\frac {b\,\left (12\,b^3\,c^2-40\,a\,b\,c^3\right )\,{\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )}^2}{16\,a\,{\left (4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c\right )}^2\,\sqrt {4\,a\,c-b^2}}+\frac {b\,\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )\,\left (10\,b\,c^3-\frac {\left (12\,b^3\,c^2-40\,a\,b\,c^3\right )\,\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )}{2\,\left (4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c\right )}\right )}{4\,a\,\left (4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c\right )\,\sqrt {4\,a\,c-b^2}}\right )}{8\,a^3\,c^2\,\sqrt {4\,a\,c-b^2}\,\left (25\,a\,c-6\,b^2\right )}\right )\,{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^{3/2}}{b^2\,c^2}+\frac {2\,\left (3\,b^3-8\,a\,b\,c\right )\,{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^{3/2}\,\left (\frac {{\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )}^2\,\left (4\,b^2\,c^2-\frac {2\,a\,b^2\,c^2\,\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )}{4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c}\right )}{4\,{\left (4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c\right )}^2}-\frac {b^2\,\left (4\,b^2\,c^2-\frac {2\,a\,b^2\,c^2\,\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )}{4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c}\right )}{16\,a^2\,\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}+\frac {b^4\,c^2\,\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )}{4\,a\,\left (4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c\right )\,\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}\right )}{b^2\,c^4\,\left (25\,a\,c-6\,b^2\right )}-\frac {2\,\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )\,\left (10\,a^2\,c^2-14\,a\,b^2\,c+3\,b^4\right )\,\left (\frac {b^5\,c^2}{16\,a^2\,{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^{3/2}}-\frac {b^3\,c^2\,{\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )}^2}{4\,{\left (4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c\right )}^2\,\sqrt {4\,a\,c-b^2}}+\frac {b\,\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )\,\left (4\,b^2\,c^2-\frac {2\,a\,b^2\,c^2\,\left (8\,a\,c-2\,b^2\right )}{4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c}\right )}{4\,a\,\left (4\,a\,b^2-16\,a^2\,c\right )\,\sqrt {4\,a\,c-b^2}}\right )}{b^2\,c^4\,\left (25\,a\,c-6\,b^2\right )}\right )}{2\,a\,\sqrt {4\,a\,c-b^2}} \]
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